Exercise Science/Sports Medicine: Grades 11-12 (2022)

Students will explore the fundamental aspects of Exercise Science/Sports Medicine.1

  • 1

    Identify members of the Sports Medicine team.1.1

    1. a

      Recognize the primary members of the sports medicine team to include: Coach, Athlete, Parents, Team Physician, Certified Athletic Trainer, and Allied Health professionals.1.1.a

    2. b

      Understand that other careers provide support to the sports medicine team. 1.1.b

    3. c

      Compare and contrast the roles of each member of the sports medicine team. 1.1.c

  • 2

    Explore a variety of therapeutic careers and describe the job duties and skills, education required, job settings, and potential salary for each of the following:  1.2

    1. a

      Athletic Trainer (AT) 1.2.a

    2. b

      Physical Therapist (PT) 1.2.b

    3. c

      Physical Therapy Assistant (PTA) 1.2.c

    4. d

      Occupational Therapist (OT) 1.2.d

    5. e

      Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA) 1.2.e

    6. f

      Exercise Physiologist 1.2.f

    7. g

      Orthopedic Surgeon 1.2.g

    8. h

      Physician 1.2.h

      1. 1

        DO1.2.h.1

      2. 2

        MD1.2.h.2

    9. i

      Physician Assistant (PA) 1.2.i

    10. j

      Nurse Practitioner (NP) 1.2.j

    11. k

      Biomechanist 1.2.k

    12. l

      Prosthetist1.2.l

    13. m

      Orthotist1.2.m

    14. n

      Podiatrist1.2.n

    15. o

      Chiropractor (DC) 1.2.o

    16. p

      Sports Psychologist 1.2.p

    17. q

      Emergency Medicine 1.2.q

      1. 1

        EMT1.2.q.1

      2. 2

        Paramedic1.2.q.2

    18. r

      Certified Strength & Conditional Specialist/Personal Trainer (CSCS) 1.2.r

    19. s

      Registered Dietician (RD) 1.2.s

    20. t

      Massage Therapist (LMT) 1.2.t

  • 3

    Explain legal issues and legal terminology.  1.3

    1. a

      Discuss risk management in an athletic setting. 1.3.a

      1. 1

        Collision1.3.a.1

      2. 2

        Contact1.3.a.2

      3. 3

        Non-contact 1.3.a.3

      4. 4

        Surfaces1.3.a.4

    2. b

      Define legal terminology and discuss issues, including: 1.3.b

      1. 1

        Assumption of Risk 1.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Battery 1.3.b.2

      3. 3

        Commission1.3.b.3

      4. 4

        Omission1.3.b.4

      5. 5

        Failure to Warn 1.3.b.5

      6. 6

        HIPAA1.3.b.6

      7. 7

        Informed Consent 1.3.b.7

      8. 8

        Liability1.3.b.8

      9. 9

        Malpractice1.3.b.9

      10. 10

        Negligence1.3.b.10

        1. 1

          Duty of care 1.3.b.10.1

        2. 2

          Breach of duty 1.3.b.10.2

        3. 3

          Damage/injury occurred 1.3.b.10.3

        4. 4

          Proximal cause 1.3.b.10.4

      11. 11

        Standard of Care 1.3.b.11

      12. 12

        Statute of limitations 1.3.b.12

      13. 13

        Good Samaritan law 1.3.b.13

    3. c

      Discuss parameters of ethical conduct and associated issues, including: 1.3.c

      1. 1

        Americans with Disabilities Act 1.3.c.1

      2. 2

        Cheating1.3.c.2

      3. 3

        Drug testing 1.3.c.3

      4. 4

        Fair play and sportsmanship 1.3.c.4

      5. 5

        Performance enhancing drugs 1.3.c.5

      6. 6

        Scope of practice 1.3.c.6

      7. 7

        Title IX (Gender equity in sports) 1.3.c.7

      8. 8

        Winning at all costs 1.3.c.8

    4. d

      Review preventative measures to reduce potential risks of litigation. 1.3.d

      1. 1

        Medical History & Pre-participation Physical Examination (PPE) 1.3.d.1

      2. 2

        Carry liability insurance 1.3.d.2

      3. 3

        Continuing education 1.3.d.3

      4. 4

        Appropriate documentation 1.3.d.4

      5. 5

        Follow physician orders and recommendations 1.3.d.5

      6. 6

        Have an emergency action plan (EAP) 1.3.d.6

      7. 7

        Maintain adequate supervision 1.3.d.7

      8. 8

        Maintain good rapport with the Sports Medicine Team 1.3.d.8

Students will describe principles of sports psychology.  2

  • 1

    Identify the psychological implications of an injury to an athlete.  2.1

    1. a

      Describe the five psychological phases an athlete experiences following an injury. 2.1.a

      1. 1

        Denial2.1.a.1

      2. 2

        Anger2.1.a.2

      3. 3

        Bargaining2.1.a.3

      4. 4

        Depression2.1.a.4

      5. 5

        Acceptance2.1.a.5

    2. b

      Compare and contrast how some athletes may view pain. 2.1.b

      1. 1

        Deny pain and loss of function. 2.1.b.1

      2. 2

        Injury as a source of relief. 2.1.b.2

  • 2

    Identify effective psychological intervention skills.  2.2

    1. a

      Describe the importance of goal setting. 2.2.a

      1. 1

        Performance goals 2.2.a.1

      2. 2

        Outcome goals 2.2.a.2

      3. 3

        SMART goals 2.2.a.3

    2. b

      Examine different relaxation techniques and how they can help performance. 2.2.b

      1. 1

        Focused breathing 2.2.b.1

      2. 2

        Progressive muscle relaxation 2.2.b.2

      3. 3

        Visual Imagery 2.2.b.3

  • 3

    Identify potential problems associated with overtraining.  2.3

    1. a

      Compare and contrast staleness and burnout. 2.3.a

    2. b

      Identify interventions to prevent or treat staleness or burnout. 2.3.b

      1. 1

        Remove from activity 2.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Time off 2.3.b.2

      3. 3

        Allow athlete to have more control 2.3.b.3

      4. 4

        Decreasing emotional and stressful demands 2.3.b.4

      5. 5

        Avoid repetition 2.3.b.5

      6. 6

        Sufficient attention to complaints and small injuries 2.3.b.6

      7. 7

        Supportive and caring environment 2.3.b.7

  • 4

    Discuss different sources of anxiety that athletes may deal with.  2.4

    1. a

      Trauma Induced 2.4.a

    2. b

      Stress related 2.4.b

    3. c

      Phobias 2.4.c

  • 5

    Discuss depression in athletes.  2.5

    1. a

      Causes2.5.a

    2. b

      Resources (sources for professional help) 2.5.b

    3. c

      Coping strategies 2.5.c

Students will describe the injury and healing process, including basic injury assessment.  3

  • 1

    Discuss the inflammatory response and the healing process.  3.1

    1. a

      Compare and contrast Acute and Chronic injuries 3.1.a

    2. b

      Discuss the purpose of inflammation. 3.1.b

    3. c

      Categorize the stages of acute injury healing and explain the processes involved in each: 3.1.c

      1. 1

        Acute (Inflammation) Phase: 3.1.c.1

        1. 1

          Signs and symptoms of inflammation 3.1.c.1.1

        2. 1

          Heat3.1.c.1.1.1

        3. 2

          Redness3.1.c.1.1.2

        4. 3

          Swelling3.1.c.1.1.3

        5. 4

          Pain3.1.c.1.1.4

        6. 5

          Loss of function 3.1.c.1.1.5

        7. 2

          Time frame 3.1.c.1.2

        8. 3

          Define vasodilatation and explain why it occurs 3.1.c.1.3

        9. 4

          Define hypoxia and explain its role in secondary cell death. 3.1.c.1.4

        10. 5

          Describe the R.I.C.E. method to treat acute injuries. 3.1.c.1.5

      2. 2

        Subacute (Repair and Regeneration) Phase 3.1.c.2

        1. 1

          Time frame3.1.c.2.1

        2. 2

          Explain the role of fibroblasts and collagen in scar tissue formation. 3.1.c.2.2

      3. 3

        Remodeling (Maturation) Phase 3.1.c.3

        1. 1

          Time frame 3.1.c.3.1

        2. 2

          Define adhesions 3.1.c.3.2

        3. 3

          Explain Wolff’s Law 3.1.c.3.3

  • 2

    Explain an injury assessment (HIPS).  3.2

    1. a

      Identify the components included in obtaining an accurate history. 3.2.a

    2. b

      Identify the components of an inspection. 3.2.b

    3. c

      Describe the process of palpation. 3.2.c

    4. d

      Describe the purposes of special tests. 3.2.d

      1. 1

        Range of Motion 3.2.d.1

        1. 1

          Passive 3.2.d.1.1

        2. 2

          Active3.2.d.1.2

        3. 3

          Resistive3.2.d.1.3

      2. 2

        Stress Tests (structural integrity) 3.2.d.2

      3. 3

        Neurological3.2.d.3

      4. 4

        Functional3.2.d.4

    5. e

      Discuss the decisions that can be made from a HIPS evaluation. 3.2.e

  •  

    Performance Skills 

    1. a

      Write a SOAP note 

    2. b

      Explain a HIPS assessment. 

  • 3

    Compare and contrast injury classifications.  3.3

    1. a

      Describe first degree injuries 3.3.a

    2. b

      Describe second degree injuries 3.3.b

    3. c

      Describe third degree injuries 3.3.c

  • 4

    Compare and contrast common fractures.  3.4

    1. a

      Compression 3.4.a

    2. b

      Depressed3.4.b

    3. c

      Greenstick3.4.c

    4. d

      Comminuted3.4.d

    5. e

      Longitudinal3.4.e

    6. f

      Spiral3.4.f

    7. g

      Transverse3.4.g

  • 5

    Vocabulary3.5

    1. a

      Anatomical Planes 3.5.a

      1. 1

        Sagittal Plane/Midsagittal 3.5.a.1

      2. 2

        Frontal/Coronal 3.5.a.2

      3. 3

        Transverse/Horizontal 3.5.a.3

    2. b

      Signs & Symptoms 3.5.b

      1. 1

        Acute3.5.b.1

      2. 2

        Chronic3.5.b.2

      3. 3

        Constriction3.5.b.3

      4. 4

        Dilation3.5.b.4

      5. 5

        Ecchymosis3.5.b.5

      6. 6

        Edema3.5.b.6

      7. 7

        Effusion3.5.b.7

      8. 8

        Inflammation3.5.b.8

      9. 9

        Joint laxity 3.5.b.9

Students will explore specific sports injuries of the head and neck and apply athletic injury prevention principles.  4

  • 1

    Review the anatomy of the head and neck.  4.1

    1. a

      Bones4.1.a

      1. 1

        Frontal4.1.a.1

      2. 2

        Occipital4.1.a.2

      3. 3

        Parietal4.1.a.3

      4. 4

        Temporal4.1.a.4

      5. 5

        Mandible4.1.a.5

      6. 6.

        Maxillae4.1.a.6

      7. 7

        Zygomatic4.1.a.7

      8. 8

        Nasal4.1.a.8

      9. 9

        Vertebrae4.1.a.9

    2. b

      Muscles4.1.b

      1. 1

        Sternocleidomastoid4.1.b.1

      2. 2

        Trapezius4.1.b.2

    3. c

      Structures4.1.c

      1. 1

        Brain4.1.c.1

      2. 2

        Intervertebral discs 4.1.c.2

    4. d

      Nerves4.1.d

      1. 1

        Cervical Plexus 4.1.d.1

      2. 2

        Brachial Plexus 4.1.d.2

  • 2

    Head and neck injuries  4.2

    1. a

      Recognize common injuries to the head and neck to include. 4.2.a

      1. 1

        Concussion 4.2.a.1

      2. 2

        Subdural hematoma 4.2.a.2

      3. 3

        Epidural hematoma 4.2.a.3

      4. 4

        Cervical spine fracture 4.2.a.4

      5. 5

        Brachial plexus injuries 4.2.a.5

      6. 6

        Nose bleeds 4.2.a.6

    2. b

      Identify the mechanism of each injury. 4.2.b

    3. c

      Identify the signs and symptoms of each injury. 4.2.c

    4. d

      Indicate appropriate treatment for each injury. 4.2.d

    5. e

      Describe injury prevention strategies. 4.2.e

  • 3

    Describe the basic principles and specialized equipment used in the prevention of athletic injuries.  4.3

    1. a

      Recognize types and functions of protective equipment. 4.3.a

      1. 1

        Helmet, facemask, ear guards 4.3.a.1

      2. 2

        Mouth guards 4.3.a.2

      3. 3

        Neck collars 4.3.a.3

      4. 4

        Padding4.3.a.4

      5. 5

        Sports bras 4.3.a.5

      6. 6

        Compression shorts/cup4.3.a.6

    2. b

      Discuss the legal ramifications of manufacturing, buying, and issuing equipment. 4.3.b

      1. 1

        NOCSAE warning 4.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Modification of equipment 4.3.b.2

      3. 3

        Proper fit and selection 4.3.b.3

      4. 4

        Use of defective or worn out equipment 4.3.b.4

  • 4

    Vocabulary4.4

    1. a

      Amnesia 4.4.a

    2. b

      Articulation4.4.b

    3. c

      Innervate4.4.c

    4. d

      Mechanism of Injury (MOI 4.4.d

    5. e

      Point tenderness 4.4.e

    6. f

      Range of Motion (ROM)-Active, Passive, Resistive 4.4.f

    7. g

      Referred Pain 4.4.g

Students will explore various aspects of sports nutrition.  5

  • 1

    Describe the basic components (kcal/gram, functions, energy vs. nutrients, healthy diet guidelines) of nutrition and the sources of the following nutrients.  5.1

    1. a

      Carbohydrates 5.1.a

    2. b

      Proteins5.1.b

    3. c

      Fats5.1.c

    4. d

      Vitamins 5.1.d

    5. e

      Minerals5.1.e

    6. f

      Water5.1.f

  • 2

    Examine the importance of fluid replacement and hydration.  5.2

    1. a

      Examine the importance of water and its role in the body. 5.2.a

    2. b

      Explain the correct process of hydration during athletic activity. 5.2.b

      1. 1

        Identify the dangers of inappropriate hydration techniques. 5.2.b.1

        1. 1

          Hyponatremia5.2.b.1.1

        2. 2

          Timing/Frequency 5.2.b.1.2

      2. 2

        Identify the dangers of dehydration. 5.2.b.2

    3. c

      Compare and contrast advantages and disadvantages of sports drinks. 5.2.c

      1. 1

        Identify the role of sports drinks in hydration. 5.2.c.1

      2. 2

        Discuss the importance of the correct chemical make-up of sports drinks. 5.2.c.2

  • 3

    Identify the components of a pre and post event meal and explain the value of each.  5.3

    1. a

      Describe the recommended nutrient percentages of pre and post event meals. 5.3.a

    2. b

      Identify foods that are easily digested. 5.3.b

    3. c

      Identify foods that should be avoided. 5.3.c

    4. d

      Identify when pre and post event meals should be eaten. 5.3.d

    5. e

      Discuss the concept of carbohydrate loading and discuss the benefits. 5.3.e

Students will explore the fundamentals of body composition and diseases and disorders related to body issues.  6

  • 1

    Describe basic body composition.  6.1

    1. a

      Define body composition. 6.1.a

    2. b

      Compare and contrast the most common methods for analyzing body composition. 6.1.b

      1. 1

        Bod Pod 6.1.b.1

      2. 2

        Skin-fold calipers 6.1.b.2

      3. 3

        Bio-Impedance Analysis (BIA) 6.1.b.3

      4. 4

        Hydrostatic weighing 6.1.b.4

      5. 5

        Emerging technologies (ultrasound, etc.) 6.1.b.5

    3. c

      Describe the parameters of safe weight loss and weight gain. 6.1.c

  • 2

    Recognize common conditions and disorders associated with nutrition.  6.2

    1. a

      Explore the effects of generalized disordered eating. 6.2.a

    2. b

      Identify signs, symptoms, and effects of Anorexia Nervosa. 6.2.b

    3. c

      Identify signs, symptoms, and effects of Bulimia Nervosa. 6.2.c

    4. d

      Identify signs, symptoms, and effects of Muscle Dysmorphia. 6.2.d

    5. e

      Identify signs, symptoms, and effects of the Female Athlete Triad (three components). 6.2.e

Students will explore specific sports injuries of the lower extremities and apply athletic injury prevention principles.  7

  • 1

    Review the anatomy of the lower extremities.  7.1

    1. a

      Bones7.1.a

      1. 1

        Femur7.1.a.1

      2. 2

        Tibia7.1.a.2

      3. 3

        Fibula7.1.a.3

      4. 4

        Patella7.1.a.4

      5. 5

        Talus7.1.a.5

      6. 6

        Calcaneus7.1.a.6

      7. 7

        Metatarsals7.1.a.7

      8. 8

        Phalanges7.1.a.8

    2. b

      Joints7.1.b

      1. 1

        Tibiofemoral7.1.b.1

      2. 2

        Patellofemoral7.1.b.2

      3. 3

        Talocrural7.1.b.3

      4. 4

        Subtalar7.1.b.4

      5. 5

        Midfoot7.1.b.5

      6. 6

        MP7.1.b.6

      7. 7

        PIP/DIP 7.1.b.7

    3. c

      Soft Tissues 7.1.c

      1. 1

        Patellar Tendon 7.1.c.1

      2. 2

        Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) 7.1.c.2

      3. 3

        Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) 7.1.c.3

      4. 4

        Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) 7.1.c.4

      5. 5

        Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) 7.1.c.5

      6. 6

        Lateral and Medial Meniscus 7.1.c.6

      7. 7

        Achilles Tendon 7.1.c.7

      8. 8

        Anterior Talofibular ligament (ATF) 7.1.c.8

      9. 9

        Deltoid ligament 7.1.c.9

    4. d

      Muscles7.1.d

      1. 1

        Quadriceps7.1.d.1

      2. 2

        Hamstrings7.1.d.2

      3. 3

        Peroneal7.1.d.3

      4. 4

        Tibialis Anterior 7.1.d.4

      5. 5

        Tibialis Posterior 7.1.d.5

      6. 6

        Gastrocnemius7.1.d.6

      7. 7

        Soleus7.1.d.7

  • 2

    Lower extremity injuries  7.2

    1. a

      Recognize common injuries to the lower extremity to include. 7.2.a

      1. 1

        Cruciate/Collateral Ligament sprains 7.2.a.1

      2. 2

        Meniscal injury 7.2.a.2

      3. 3

        Patella-femoral injuries 7.2.a.3

      4. 4

        Ankle sprains 7.2.a.4

      5. 5

        Plantar Fasciitis 7.2.a.5

      6. 6

        Turf toe 7.2.a.6

      7. 7

        Thigh contusions 7.2.a.7

      8. 8

        Quadriceps/Hamstring strains 7.2.a.8

      9. 9

        Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) 7.2.a.9

    2. b

      Identify the mechanism of each injury. 7.2.b

    3. c

      Identify the signs and symptoms of each injury. 7.2.c

    4. d

      Indicate appropriate treatment for each injury. 7.2.d

    5. e

      Describe injury prevention strategies. 7.2.e

      1. 1

        Shin Guards 7.2.e.1

      2. 2

        Shoes7.2.e.2

      3. 3

        Other sport specific protection devices 7.2.e.3

  • 3

    Demonstrate theory and principles of prophylactic taping.  7.3

    1. a

      Analyze the basic principles of prophylactic taping. 7.3.a

    2. b

      Identify the necessary supplies and their purpose for prophylactic taping. 7.3.b

      1. 1

        Athletic tape (various sizes) 7.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Prewrap7.3.b.2

      3. 3

        Heel and lace pad 7.3.b.3

      4. 4

        Adhesive spray 7.3.b.4

      5. 5

        Shark/Scissors 7.3.b.5

    3. c

      Analyze the basic principles of proper tape removal.7.3.c

    4. d

      Explain the terminology associated with prophylactic taping procedures. 7.3.d

      1. 1

        Anchor7.3.d.1

      2. 2

        Stirrup7.3.d.2

      3. 3

        Horseshoe7.3.d.3

      4. 4

        Spica7.3.d.4

      5. 5

        Heel-lock7.3.d.5

      6. 6

        Checkrein/Fan7.3.d.6

  •  

    Performance Skill 

    1. a

      Competently tape an ankle using the standard prophylactic taping method.

    2. b

      Competently tape an arch using the standard prophylactic taping method. (Optional additional skill) 

  • 4

    Identify principles of protective bracing.  7.4

    1. a

      Discuss the differences between functional and prophylactic bracing. 7.4.a

    2. b

      Identify the function of sleeves (compression). 7.4.b

  • 5

    Vocabulary7.5

    1. a

      General Terms 7.5.a

      1. 1

        Atrophy7.5.a.1

      2. 2

        Bursa7.5.a.2

      3. 3

        Cartilage7.5.a.3

      4. 4

        Crepitus7.5.a.4

      5. 5

        Ligament7.5.a.5

      6. 6

        Tendon7.5.a.6

      7. 7

        Valgus/Varus 7.5.a.7

    2. b

      Anatomical Positions and Directions 7.5.b

      1. 1

        Superior/Inferior 7.5.b.1

      2. 2

        Anterior/Posterior 7.5.b.2

      3. 3

        Medial/Lateral 7.5.b.3

      4. 4

        Proximal/Distal 7.5.b.4

      5. 5

        Superficial/Deep 7.5.b.5

      6. 6

        Ventral/Dorsal 7.5.b.6

      7. 7

        Prone/Supine 7.5.b.7

      8. 8

        Unilateral/Bilateral/Contralateral 7.5.b.8

    3. c

      Movements of the Foot and Ankle 7.5.c

      1. 1

        Inversion/Eversion 7.5.c.1

      2. 2

        Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion 7.5.c.2

Students will examine performance enhancement philosophies.  8

  • 1

    Define terms associated with performance enhancements.  8.1

    1. a

      Cardiovascular endurance 8.1.a

    2. b

      Muscular endurance 8.1.b

    3. c

      Power8.1.c

    4. d

      Speed8.1.d

    5. e

      Strength8.1.e

  • 2

    Discuss general conditioning principles.  8.2

    1. a

      Adaptation8.2.a

    2. b

      Overload8.2.b

    3. c

      Specificity8.2.c

    4. d

      Reversibility8.2.d

    5. e

      Periodization8.2.e

  • 3

    Examine the roll the cardiovascular / respiratory systems have on fitness/athletic performance.  8.3

    1. a

      Identify and describe the structures and functions of the cardiovascular/respiratory systems and their interrelationship. 8.3.a

    2. b

      Heart8.3.b

      1. 1

        4 chambers 8.3.b.1

      2. 2

        4 valves 8.3.b.2

      3. 3

        4 blood vessels 8.3.b.3

      4. 4

        Lungs- oxygen exchange from alveoli to capillaries 8.3.b.4

    3. c

      Identify vital signs related to the cardiovascular / respiratory system. 8.3.c

      1. 1

        Describe and accurately measure blood pressure (systolic / diastolic) 8.3.c.1

      2. 2

        Describe and accurately measure respiratory rate 8.3.c.2

      3. 3

        Describe and accurately measure pulse rate 8.3.c.3

      4. 4

        Describe lung volume 8.3.c.4

        1. 1

          Tidal volume 8.3.c.4.1

        2. 2

          Vital capacity 8.3.c.4.2

      5. 5

        Describe the importance of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate during exercise 8.3.c.5

    4. d

      Examine different types of tests used to quantify cardiovascular fitness. 8.3.d

      1. 1

        VO2max 8.3.d.1

      2. 2

        Harvard step test 8.3.d.2

      3. 3

        12 minute run test 8.3.d.3

    5. e

      Describe the effects exercise has on the cardiovascular / respiratory systems. 8.3.e

      1. 1

        Immediate effects of exercise 8.3.e.1

        1. 1

          Heart rate 8.3.e.1.1

        2. 2

          Ventilation8.3.e.1.2

      2. 2

        Long term effects of exercise 8.3.e.2

        1. 1

          Heart rate 8.3.e.2.1

        2. 2

          Stroke volume 8.3.e.2.2

        3. 3

          Cardiac output 8.3.e.2.3

    6. f

      Compare and contrast aerobic / anaerobic training. 8.3.f

    7. g

      Examine the importance of a warm up / cool down in a training program. 8.3.g

    8. h

      Examine different cardiovascular training methods. 8.3.h

      1. 1

        Interval 8.3.h.1

      2. 2

        Fartlek8.3.h.2

      3. 3

        Circuit8.3.h.3

      4. 4

        Continuous8.3.h.4

    9. i

      Apply general conditioning principles to improve cardiovascular fitness. 8.3.i

      1. 1

        Rate of perceived exertion (BORG scale) 8.3.i.1

      2. 2

        Target heart rate 8.3.i.2

  • 4

    Examine the effects of the environment on training and performance.  8.4

    1. a

      Discuss the effect of high and low altitude. 8.4.a

    2. b

      Describe the effects of acclimatization. 8.4.b

    3. c

      Recognize the effects of travel on the body. 8.4.c

Students will examine strength training principles, flexibility, and ergogenic aids.  9

  • 1

    Examine the roll strength training has on fitness / athletic performance.  9.1

    1. a

      Identify and describe the sliding filament model. 9.1.a

    2. b

      Sarcomere9.1.b

      1. 1

        Actin9.1.b.1

      2. 2

        Myosin9.1.b.2

    3. c

      Compare and contrast the difference between slow twitch and fast twitch muscles fibers. 9.1.c

      1. 1

        Slow twitch athletic activities 9.1.c.1

      2. 2

        Fast twitch athletic activities 9.1.c.2

    4. d

      Compare and contrast different types of movements related to strength training. 9.1.d

      1. 1

        Isometric / isotonic / isokinetic 9.1.d.1

      2. 2

        Eccentric / concentric 9.1.d.2

      3. 3

        Closed chain / open chain 9.1.d.3

      4. 4

        Plyometrics9.1.d.4

    5. e

      Identify methods of resistance training. 9.1.e

    6. f

      Apply general conditioning principles to improve strength. 9.1.f

      1. 1

        Speed9.1.f.1

      2. 2

        Muscular endurance 9.1.f.2

      3. 3

        Power9.1.f.3

      4. 4

        Periodization9.1.f.4

  • 2

    Examine the importance of flexibility in fitness / athletic performance.  9.2

    1. a

      Explain the general guidelines of flexibility. 9.2.a

      1. 1

        Define ROM and how it relates to fitness / athletic performance 9.2.a.1

      2. 2

        Identify the benefits of flexibility. 9.2.a.2

        1. 1

          Decrease risk of injury 9.2.a.2.1

        2. 2

          Reduce muscle soreness 9.2.a.2.2

        3. 3

          Improve muscular balance and postural awareness 9.2.a.2.3

      3. 3

        Demonstrate proper timing of flexibility techniques. 9.2.a.3

        1. 1

          Before activity 9.2.a.3.1

        2. 2

          After activity 9.2.a.3.2

    2. b

      Identify the different methods to increase flexibility and the safety / effectiveness of each. 9.2.b

      1. 1

        Static stretching 9.2.b.1

      2. 2

        Ballistic Stretching 9.2.b.2

      3. 3

        Dynamic Stretching 9.2.b.3

      4. 4

        Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching 9.2.b.4

        1. 1

          Contract/Relax 9.2.b.4.1

        2. 2

          Hold/Relax 9.2.b.4.

  •  

    Performance Skill 

    1. a

      Demonstrate the proper techniques of static stretching for ALL major muscle groups.  

  • 3

    Compare and contrast the physiological and psychological effects of ergogenic aids.  9.3

    1. a

      Define ergogenic aid. 9.3.a

    2. b

      Recognize the effects and possible dangers of common ergogenic aides. 9.3.b

      1. 1

        Stimulants (including caffeine) 9.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Narcotics 9.3.b.2

      3. 3

        Anabolic steroids 9.3.b.3

      4. 4

        Beta blockers 9.3.b.4

      5. 5

        Diuretics9.3.b.5

      6. 6

        Human growth hormone 9.3.b.6

      7. 7

        Blood doping products 9.3.b.7

        1. 1

          Blood transfusions 9.3.b.7.1

        2. 2

          Erythropoietin (EPO) 9.3.b.7.2

      8. 8

        Anesthetics 9.3.b.8

      9. 9

        Corticosteroids9.3.b.9

      10. 10

        Creatine9.3.b.10

    3. c

      Discuss the dangers of energy drinks and their effects on the body. 9.3.c

Students will explore specific sports injuries of the upper extremities and apply athletic injury prevention principles.  10

  • 1

    Review the anatomy of the upper extremity.  10.1

    1. a

      Bones10.1.a

      1. 1

        Scapula10.1.a.1

      2. 2

        Clavicle10.1.a.2

      3. 3

        Humerus10.1.a.3

      4. 4

        Radius10.1.a.4

      5. 5

        Ulna10.1.a.5

      6. 6

        Carpals10.1.a.6

      7. 7

        Metacarpals10.1.a.7

      8. 8

        Phalanges10.1.a.8

    2. b

      Joints10.1.b

      1. 1

        Shoulder10.1.b.1

        1. 1

          Sternoclavicular (SC) 10.1.b.1.1

        2. 2

          Acromioclavicular (AC) 10.1.b.1.2

        3. 3

          Glenohumeral10.1.b.1.3

        4. 4

          Scapulothoracic10.1.b.1.4

      2. 2

        Elbow10.1.b.2

      3. 3

        Wrist10.1.b.3

      4. 4

        Metaparpal-phalangeal 10.1.b.4

      5. 5

        Interphalangeal 10.1.b.5

    3. c

      Soft tissues 10.1.c

      1. 1

        Sub-acromial bursa 10.1.c.1

      2. 2

        AC ligament 10.1.c.2

      3. 3

        Glenoid labrum 10.1.c.3

    4. d

      Muscles10.1.d

      1. 1

        Deltoid10.1.d.1

      2. 2

        SITS (Subscapularis, Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, Teres minor) 10.1.d.2

      3. 3

        Biceps brachii 10.1.d.3

      4. 4

        Triceps brachii 10.1.d.4

  • 2

    Recognize common injuries to the upper extremity.  10.2

    1. a

      Upper extremity injuries 10.2.a

      1. 1

        Clavicle fracture 10.2.a.1

      2. 2

        Impingement syndrome 10.2.a.2

      3. 3

        Rotator cuff injuries 10.2.a.3

      4. 4

        Glenohumeral dislocation 10.2.a.4

      5. 5

        AC joint separation 10.2.a.5

      6. 6

        Epicondylitis 10.2.a.6

        1. 1

          Lateral (Tennis elbow) 10.2.a.6.1

        2. 2

          Medial (Little leaguer's elbow) 10.2.a.6.2

      7. 7

        Interphalangeal dislocation 10.2.a.7

    2. b

      Identify the mechanism of each injury. 10.2.b

    3. c

      Identify the signs and symptoms of each injury. 10.2.c

    4. d

      Indicate the appropriate treatment for each injury. 10.2.d

    5. e

      Describe injury prevention strategies. 10.2.e

  •  

    Performance Skill: Competently tape a thumb using the standard prophylactic taping method.

    1. a

      Competently tape a thumb using the standard prophylactic taping method. 

    2. b

      Competently tape a wrist using the standard prophylactic taping method. (Optional additional skill) 

  • 3

    Vocabulary10.3

    1. a

      Movements10.3.a

      1. 1

        Flexion/Extension/Hyperextension 10.3.a.1

      2. 2

        Abduction/Adduction 10.3.a.2

      3. 3

        Pronation/Supination 10.3.a.3

      4. 4

        Protraction/Retraction 10.3.a.4

      5. 5

        Elevation/Depression 10.3.a.5

      6. 6

        Rotation10.3.a.6

        1. 1

          Internal rotation 10.3.a.6.1

        2. 2

          External rotation 10.3.a.6.2

      7. 7

        Circumduction 10.3.a.7

      8. 8

        Lateral flexion 10.3.a.8

    2. b

      Movements of the Wrist & Thumb 10.3.b

      1. 1

        Radial/Ulnar deviation 10.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Opposition10.3.b.2

Students will be able to recognize common injuries and administer injury management.11

  • 1

    Identify proper personal protective equipment (PPE)/body substance isolation (BSI) precautions.  11.1

  • 2

    Identify soft tissue injuries and skin conditions.  11.2

    1. a

      Differentiate signs, symptoms and treatment for:11.2.a

      1. 1

        Avulsions11.2.a.1

      2. 2

        Abrasions11.2.a.2

      3. 3

        Bites11.2.a.3

      4. 4

        Blisters11.2.a.4

      5. 5

        Contusions11.2.a.5

      6. 6

        Lacerations11.2.a.6

      7. 7

        Stings11.2.a.7

    2. b

      Differentiate signs, symptoms and treatment for: 11.2.b

      1. 1

        Ring worm 11.2.b.1

      2. 2

        Jock itch 11.2.b.2

      3. 3

        Athlete’s foot 11.2.b.3

      4. 4

        Impetigo11.2.b.4

      5. 5

        MRSA11.2.b.5

      6. 6

        Warts11.2.b.6

      7. 7

        Eczema11.2.b.7

  • 3

    Recognize abdominal injuries, bleeding, and shock.  11.3

    1. a

      Discuss external bleeding. 11.3.a

    2. b

      Demonstrate proper procedures to control bleeding. 11.3.b

      1. 1

        Apply direct pressure with sterile gauze pad 11.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Apply a pressure dressing 11.3.b.2

      3. 3

        Check circulation 11.3.b.3

    3. c

      Identify signs, symptoms, and treatment of internal bleeding. 11.3.c

    4. d

      Identify signs and symptoms and treatment of abdominal injuries. 11.3.d

      1. 1

        Ruptured spleen 11.3.d.1

      2. 2

        Appendicitis 11.3.d.2

      3. 3

        Hernia11.3.d.3

    5. e

      Identify signs, symptoms and treatment for shock. 11.3.e

  • 4

    Discuss immobilization techniques.  11.4

    1. a

      Identify fracture signs and symptoms. 11.4.a

    2. b

      Explain the steps to immobilization. 11.4.b

      1. 1

        Splint in the position found 11.4.b.1

      2. 2

        Immobilize the joint above and the joint below 11.4.b.2

      3. 3

        Check circulation distal to the injury 11.4.b.3

    3. c

      Explain head / neck immobilization. 11.4.c

      1. 1

        Maintain stabilization in the position found. 11.4.c.1

      2. 2

        Monitor ABC's. 11.4.c.2

  •  

    Performance Skill 

    1. a

      Demonstrate crutch fitting to any size individual. 

    2. b

      Stabilize head/neck in position found. (Optional additional skill) 

  • 5

    Recognize and provide treatment for environmental conditions.  11.5

    1. a

      Compare and contrast the causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment of heat illnesses. 11.5.a

      1. 1

        Heat cramps 11.5.a.1

      2. 2

        Heat exhaustion 11.5.a.2

      3. 3

        Heat stroke 11.5.a.3

    2. b

      Compare and contrast the causes, signs, symptoms, and treatment of cold exposure. 11.5.b

      1. 1

        Hypothermia11.5.b.1

      2. 2

        Frostbite11.5.b.2

  • 6

    Describe the treatment for medical conditions.  11.6

    1. a

      Seizures11.6.a

    2. b

      Fainting11.6.b

    3. c

      Diabetes11.6.c

    4. d

      Anaphylactic shock 11.6.d

    5. e

      Asthma11.6.e

    6. f

      Exertional sickling 11.6.f

    7. g

      Sudden cardiac arrest 11.6.g

  • 7

    Vocabulary11.7

    1. a

      General Vocabulary Terms 11.7.a

      1. 1

        Cyanosis11.7.a.1

      2. 2

        Diagnosis11.7.a.2

      3. 3

        Incision11.7.a.3

      4. 4

        Palpation11.7.a.4

      5. 5

        Prognosis11.7.a.5

      6. 6

        Reduction11.7.a.6

      7. 7

        Shock11.7.a.7

    2. b

      Injuries11.7.b

      1. 1

        Bursitis11.7.b.1

      2. 2

        Dislocation11.7.b.2

      3. 3

        Subluxation11.7.b.3

      4. 4

        Fracture11.7.b.4

      5. 5

        Hematoma11.7.b.5

      6. 6

        Separation11.7.b.6

      7. 7

        Sprain11.7.b.7

      8. 8

        Strain11.7.b.8

Students will explain therapeutic modalities and rehabilitation techniques.  12

  • 1

    Explore therapeutic modalities.  12.1

    1. a

      Identify the purpose of therapeutic modalities. 12.1.a

    2. b

      Explain how to properly select the use of therapeutic modalities. 12.1.b

    3. c

      Identify the Gate Control Theory as a principle of pain management and describe the physiological process of the theory. 12.1.c

  • 2

    Describe the physiological effects, indications, contraindications, and application of the following:  12.2

    1. a

      Cryotherapy12.2.a

      1. 1

        Ice packs 12.2.a.1

      2. 2

        Ice massage 12.2.a.2

      3. 3

        Ice immersion 12.2.a.3

      4. 4

        Cold whirlpool 12.2.a.4

      5. 5

        Chemical coolant 12.2.a.5

      6. 6

        Review the R.I.C.E. method 12.2.a.6

    2. b

      Thermotherapy12.2.b

      1. 1

        Heat packs 12.2.b.1

      2. 2

        Ultrasound12.2.b.2

      3. 3

        Hot whirlpool 12.2.b.3

    3. c

      Electrotherapy12.2.c

    4. d

      Manual Therapy 12.2.d

      1. 1

        Massage12.2.d.1

      2. 2

        Cupping12.2.d.2

      3. 3

        Scraping techniques 12.2.d.

  •  

    Performance Skill 

    1. a

      Prepare an ice bag/pack 

    2. b

      Apply a compression wrap to an ankle 

    3. c

      Apply a compression wrap to a knee. 

  • 3

    Discuss the components and goals of a rehabilitation program.  12.3

    1. a

      Identify the general guidelines of a rehabilitation program. 12.3.a

      1. 1

        Individualize each program 12.3.a.1

      2. 2

        Be as aggressive as possible without causing harm 12.3.a.2

      3. 3

        Use a variety of equipment 12.3.a.3

      4. 4

        Common mistakes 12.3.a.4

        1. 1

          Treat the cause not the symptoms 12.3.a.4.1

        2. 2

          Not addressing the contra-lateral side 12.3.a.4.2

        3. 3

          Postural defects, anatomical mal-alignment, and biomechanical imbalances 12.3.a.4.3

      5. 5

        Appropriate goal setting 12.3.a.5

      6. 6

        Components of a rehabilitation program 12.3.a.6

    2. b

      Phase I 12.3.b

      1. 1

        Body conditioning/maintain cardiovascular fitness throughout all phases 12.3.b.1

      2. 2

        Control swelling 12.3.b.2

      3. 3

        Control pain 12.3.b.3

      4. 4

        Increase range of motion 12.3.b.4

    3. c

      Phase II 12.3.c

      1. 1

        Restore full range of motion 12.3.c.1

      2. 2

        Strength, endurance, speed, power in all muscle groups 12.3.c.2

      3. 3

        Begin skill patterns and proprioception 12.3.c.3

    4. d

      Phase III 12.3.d

      1. 1

        Functional and sport specific skills 12.3.d.1

      2. 2

        Restore balance and proprioception 12.3.d.2

      3. 3

        Return to sport 12.3.d.3

    5. e

      Relate the different exercise principles to rehabilitation. 12.3.e

      1. 1

        Specificity(SAID) 12.3.e.1

      2. 2

        Overload12.3.e.2

  • 4

    Vocabulary12.4

    1. a

      Analgesic12.4.a

    2. b

      Contraindicate12.4.b

    3. c

      Cryotherapy12.4.c

    4. d

      Hydrotherapy12.4.d

    5. e

      Indicate12.4.e

    6. f

      Modality12.4.f

    7. g

      Thermotherapy12.4.g

    8. h

      Vasoconstrictor12.4.h

    9. i

      Vasodilator12.4.i

  •  

    Workplace Skills 

    1. a

      Communication

    2. b

      Problem Solving 

    3. c

      Teamwork

    4. d

      Critical Thinking 

    5. e

      Dependability

    6. f

      Accountability

    7. g

      Legal Requirements/expectations 

Frequently asked questions

What grade levels do these standards cover?
Grade 11 and Grade 12
Where can I read the official document?
Exercise Science/Sports Medicine: Grades 11-12 (2022)

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